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Uzbekistan has set out to shift its economic structure, which is extremely dominated by a resource-based structure, toward a new structure through the advancement of industries and their diversification. Therefore, the issue of the human resource development of small and medium enterprise (SME) owners and entrepreneurs, who are driving forces for industrial advancement and diversification, is important. Accordingly, JICA launched this project for human resource development to promote the transition to a market economy and mutual understanding between Japan and Uzbekistan. A series of demand-based business courses that meet the needs of SMEs were provided as identified through an assessment giving consideration to industrial diversification and manufacturing sector development. In addition, business networking and interactions between Japan and Uzbekistan were intensified in preparation for business expansion by incoming Japanese companies. The number of participants in the business course totaled 10,194 at the end of 2014.