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JICA has implemented a number of research studies including (i) Research on the Role of Transport Infrastructure in Africa; (ii) Phase 3 on the Improvement of Cross-Border Transport Infrastructure; and (iii) The Role of Transportation Infrastructure Aid in the Sub-Saharan Africa Region. Based on these results (especially (ii)), it was clear that the port and rail sectors in the region were not functioning at an optimum capacity due to deterioration, or poor maintenance and management and causing corridor bottlenecks. Based on this background, the present study will research in greater detail the status of actual port and rail facilities in the region and suggest potential aid projects. In particular, pilot projects for port and rail facilities will be considered to make suggestions for model aid programs. This study also examines investment opportunities in these sectors and identifying components to boost successful involvement of private sector.