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The Central Railway Line between Kilosa and Gulwe in Tanzania runs alongside long rivers and crosses their tributaries at many points. These rivers are subject to flash flooding, riverbed elevation due to sediment deposits, and changes in course during the rainy season, all factors that have damaged the railway track, bridges, and culverts over time. Along with outdated infrastructure and poor maintenance, service disruptions of the Central Railway Line have contributed to a sharp decline in freight transport in recent years. Moreover, the urgently required repairs have imposed a financial burden on the Government. Therefore, long-term flood protection measures are required. The objective of this preparatory survey was to examine the technical, operational, economic, financial, environmental, social, and organizational feasibility of a flood protection project, including the selection of an alternative railway route, the development of a preliminary design of flood protection works for the selected route, and the development of a project plan for consideration by the Government of Japan for an official development assistance (ODA) loan.